Profit Margin Calculator
Work out gross, operating and net profit and margin, markup, and the price needed for a target margin.
Percentage Calculator
Five percentage calculations in one place: percent of a number, X as a percent of Y, percentage increase or decrease, percentage difference, and adding or subtracting a percentage.
Use the Percentage Calculator
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How to use the Percentage Calculator
- Choose the type of percentage calculation from the tabs.
- Enter the two values requested. Results update as you type.
- Read the answer and the formula used so you can reuse it in a spreadsheet.
About this tool
Percentage change compares a new value with an old one: (new − old) ÷ |old| × 100. Percentage difference compares two values without treating either as the starting point, by dividing the gap by their average. Use change when there is a before and after, and difference when there is not.
Free to use. Your inputs are processed in your browser and are not sent to our servers. Results are estimates for general information; see the disclaimer.
Percentage formulas with examples
| What you want | Formula | Example |
|---|---|---|
| X% of a number | X ÷ 100 × number | 15% of 2,000 = 300 |
| X is what % of Y | X ÷ Y × 100 | 45 is 25% of 180 |
| % increase or decrease | (new − old) ÷ old × 100 | 80,000 to 92,000 = +15% |
| % difference | difference ÷ average × 100 | 40 and 60 = 40% |
| Add a % | value × (1 + X ÷ 100) | 1,000 + 18% = 1,180 |
| Subtract a % | value × (1 − X ÷ 100) | 4,000 − 25% = 3,000 |
How to calculate percentage of marks
Divide the marks you obtained by the total marks, then multiply by 100. If you scored 450 out of 500, that's 450 ÷ 500 × 100 = 90%. In the calculator, choose X is what % of Y, enter 450 as the value and 500 as the total.
Across several subjects, add all the marks you obtained and all the total marks first. Scores of 80/100 and 45/50 make 125 out of 150, or 83.33%.
Everyday uses
- Discounts: 25% off Rs 4,000 leaves you paying Rs 3,000.
- Salary raises: a move from Rs 80,000 to Rs 92,000 is a 15% raise. You can see what that means after tax with the Pakistan Salary Tax Calculator.
- Tax added to a price: with 18% added, a Rs 1,000 item comes to Rs 1,180.
- Sales growth: compare this month with last month using percentage change. For business pricing, try the Profit Margin Calculator.
Common percentage mistakes
- Increases and decreases don't cancel out: 100 increased by 20% is 120, but 120 decreased by 20% is 96.
- Percentage change and difference aren't the same: use change when one number came first, such as last year's sales, and difference when neither is the starting point.
- Percent and percentage points are different: a rate rising from 10% to 12% has gone up by 2 percentage points, which is a 20% increase.
- Removing tax from a total: to find the price before 18% tax on Rs 1,180, divide by 1.18 to get Rs 1,000. Subtracting 18% gives the wrong answer, Rs 967.60.
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between percentage change and percentage difference?
Change has a direction and a starting point (old to new). Difference is symmetric and uses the average of both values as the base.
Why is percentage change undefined when the old value is zero?
Dividing by zero has no meaning, so the tool asks for a non-zero starting value.
How do I add 15% to a price?
Use the Add / subtract a % tab: price × 1.15, or enter the price, 15 and choose Increase.
How do I calculate my percentage of marks?
Divide your marks by the total marks and multiply by 100. For example, 450 out of 500 is 90%.
How do I work out a percentage increase?
Subtract the old value from the new value, divide by the old value and multiply by 100. Going from 80,000 to 92,000 is a 15% increase.
How do I find 20% of a number?
Multiply the number by 20 and divide by 100. For example, 20% of 5,000 is 1,000.
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